考研851 自动控制原理
真题 · 真题答案

\(t_s = 3.5s = \dfrac{3.5}{|\varepsilon \omega_n|} \Rightarrow |\varepsilon \omega_n| = 1\)

\(S = -1 + jX\) 代入 \(D(S) = 0\),令实虚部为 0,得:

\[ \begin{cases} 1 - X^2 + 1 - K + K = 0 \\ -2X + (K-1)X = 0 \end{cases} \quad 研得 \quad \begin{cases} X = \sqrt{2} \\ K = 3 \end{cases} \]

\(S = -1 \pm j\sqrt{2}\),为点 M

六. 解:设 \(G(S) = \dfrac{K_1}{S^2 + aS + b}\)

由相角 \(0° \to 180°\),得

\[ G_1(S) = \dfrac{K_1}{S^2+aS+b} = \dfrac{K_1}{-\omega^2+ja\omega+b} = \dfrac{K_1(b-\omega^2-ja\omega)}{(b-\omega^2)^2+(a\omega)^2} \]

起始于 \((3, j0)\),则 \(\dfrac{K_1}{b} = 3\)

与虚轴交点 \(\omega = \sqrt{2}\),则

\[ \begin{cases} (b-\omega^2)\big|_{\omega=\sqrt{2}} = 0 \\ \dfrac{K_1(-ja\omega)}{(b-\omega^2)^2+(a\omega)^2}\bigg|_{\omega=\sqrt{2}} = -j\sqrt{2} \end{cases} \quad 得 \quad \begin{cases} b = 2 \\ \dfrac{K_1}{\sqrt{2}a} = \sqrt{2} \end{cases} \]

\(K_1 = 6\)\(a = 3\)\(b = 2\)

\[ G_1(S) = \dfrac{6}{S^2+3S+2} \]

七. 解:① 低频段:\(v=1\)\(20\lg\dfrac{K_1}{5} = 0\)\(K_1 = 5\)

转折频率:\(\omega = 5\)

\(G_1(S) = \dfrac{5}{S(0.2S+1)}\)\(\omega_c = 5\)

\[ \gamma = 180° - 90° - \arctan(0.2 \times 5) = 45° \]

② 低频段:\(v=1\)\(20\lg\dfrac{K_2}{50} = 0\)\(K_2 = 50\)

\[ G_2(S) = \dfrac{50(2S+1)}{S(20S+1)(0.2S+1)} \]
\[ G_c(S) = \dfrac{G_2(S)}{G_1(S)} = \dfrac{10(2S+1)}{20S+1} \]

转折频率 \(0.05\)\(0.5\)

\(\omega = 0.05\)\(L = 20\text{dB}\)

\(\omega = 0.5\)\(L = 0\text{dB}\)


(接上页)

\(G_c(S)\) 图像如下:

图:1

③ 滞后校正,提高稳定性及抗干扰能力。

八. 解:① \(G(Z) = (1-Z^{-1})Z\left[\dfrac{1}{S^2(S+1)}\right] = \dfrac{0.368Z+0.264}{(Z-1)(Z-0.368)}\)

\(K_v = \lim\limits_{Z \to 1}(Z-1)G(Z) = 1\)\(e_{ss} = \dfrac{T}{K_v} = 1\)

九. 解:A点为 稳定区 \(\Rightarrow\) 不稳定区。

则 A点为不稳定的周期运动。

B点为 不稳定区 \(\Rightarrow\) 稳定区。

则 B点为自激振荡点。