考研851 自动控制原理
题海 · 题解 · p.304

(接上页)

\[G(j\omega)H(j\omega) = \frac{K(1+jT\omega)}{-\omega^2} = \frac{K\sqrt{(1+T^2\omega^2)}}{\omega^2}\angle \arctan T\omega - 180°\]

由截止频率的定义可知

\[|G(j\omega_c)H(j\omega_c)| = \frac{K\sqrt{(1+T^2\omega_c^2)}}{\omega_c^2} = 1\]

\[\omega_c^4 - T^2K^2\omega_c^2 - K^2 = 0\]

解得

\[\omega_c = \sqrt{\frac{T^2K^2+\sqrt{T^4K^4+4K^2}}{2}}\]

\(\omega_c\)\(K\) 的增函数,即 \(K\) 增大时,截止频率 \(\omega_c\) 会增大。

由相角裕度的定义可知

\[\gamma = 180° + \varphi(\omega_c) = \arctan T\omega_c\]

\(\arctan\omega_c\)\(\omega_c\) 的增函数,故 \(\gamma\)\(\omega_c\) 的增函数,即截止频率 \(\omega_c\) 增大时,相角裕度 \(\gamma\) 会增大。

综上,\(\gamma\)\(K\) 的增函数,即 \(K\) 增大时,相角裕度 \(\gamma\) 会增大。

图:客观索引

图 5-92 单位反馈系统结构图

5-46 设单位反馈系统结构图如图5-92所示,其中,\(K=10\)\(T=0.1\)时,截止频率\(\omega_c=5\)。若要求\(\omega_c\)不变,问\(K\)\(T\)如何变化才能使系统的相角裕度提高\(45°\)

解 系统的开环传递函数为

\[G(s) = \frac{K(Ts+1)}{s+1}G_0(s)\]

则开环频率特性为

\[G(j\omega) = \frac{K(jT\omega+1)}{j\omega+1}G_0(j\omega) = \frac{K\sqrt{1+T^2\omega^2}}{\sqrt{1+\omega^2}}|G_0(j\omega)|e^{-j[\arctan T\omega-\arctan\omega+\angle G_0(j\omega)]}\]

\(|G(j\omega_c)|_{\omega_c=5}=1\)\(K=10\)\(T=0.1\),得

\[\frac{10\sqrt{1+0.01\times25}}{\sqrt{1+25}}|G_0(j5)| = 1\]

解得

\[|G_0(j5)| = 0.456\]

若要求\(\omega_c\)不变,使系统的相角裕度提高\(45°\),则

\[\arctan5T - \arctan5 + \angle G_0(j5) - [\arctan0.5 - \arctan5 + \angle G_0(j5)] = 45°\]
\[\arctan5T - \arctan0.5 = 45°\]

解得

\[T=0.6\]

再由

\[|G(j\omega_c)| = \frac{K\sqrt{1+T^2\omega_c^2}}{\sqrt{1+\omega_c^2}}|G_0(j\omega_c)| = 1\]

\(T=0.6\)\(\omega_c=5\)\(|G_0(j5)|=0.456\)代入,解得

\[K=3.536\]

5-47 设两个系统的开环传递函数分别为

(1) \(G(s) = \dfrac{K}{s(Ts+1)}\);(2) \(G(s) = \dfrac{K(Ts+1)}{s^2}\)